Church Statistics

Christianity in Australia: Statistics and Numbers (2021)

The 2021 Census was the first in which fewer than half of Australians identified as Christian, at 43.9%. Here are the sourced numbers on Christian affiliation, the rise of no religion, and the main denominations in Australia.

Pray FocusMarijan DivkovicSeptember 5, 20268 min read

In short

In the 2021 Census, 43.9% of Australians identified as Christian, down from 52.1% in 2016 and 61.1% in 2011. It was the first census in which fewer than half the population reported a Christian affiliation. At the same time, "no religion" rose to 38.9%, up from 30.1% in 2016 and 22.3% in 2011. Catholicism remained the largest denomination at 20.0%, followed by Anglicanism at 9.8%. Islam (3.2%) and Hinduism (2.7%) are the largest non-Christian religions.

  • In 2021, 43.9% of Australians identified as Christian, down from 52.1% in 2016 and 61.1% in 2011, the first census below half (ABS).
  • "No religion" rose to 38.9% in 2021, up from 30.1% in 2016 and 22.3% in 2011 (ABS).
  • Catholicism was the largest denomination at 20.0%, followed by Anglicanism at 9.8% (ABS).
  • Islam (3.2%) and Hinduism (2.7%) are the largest non-Christian religions in Australia (ABS).

Australia was long a majority-Christian country, but that changed at the 2021 Census. For the first time, fewer than half of Australians identified as Christian, at 43.9%, down from 52.1% in 2016 and 61.1% in 2011, according to the Australian Bureau of Statistics. Over the same period, "no religion" climbed to 38.9%, up from 30.1% in 2016 and just 22.3% in 2011. Catholicism remained the single largest denomination at 20.0%, ahead of Anglicanism at 9.8%, while Islam and Hinduism are the largest non-Christian religions. Census religion figures are self-declared and the question is voluntary. The figures below draw on the ABS, the National Church Life Survey, and the Pew Research Center, the most authoritative sources on religion in Australia.

43.9%

of Australians identified as Christian

38.9%

of Australians reported no religion

20.0%

were Catholic, the largest denomination

9.8%

were Anglican

Key findings at a glance

MetricValueYearSource
Christian (all denominations)43.9%2021Australian Bureau of Statistics
No religion38.9%2021Australian Bureau of Statistics
Catholic (largest denomination)20.0%2021Australian Bureau of Statistics
Anglican9.8%2021Australian Bureau of Statistics
Islam3.2%2021Australian Bureau of Statistics
Hinduism2.7%2021Australian Bureau of Statistics
Every figure below is traceable to the primary source that reports it, with its data year. The census religion question is voluntary and figures are self-declared.

How many Australians are Christian?

Christianity is still the most common religion in Australia, but its share of the population has fallen steeply over the past decade. The 2021 Census was the first in which fewer than half of Australians reported a Christian affiliation, a milestone highlighted by the Australian Bureau of Statistics.

43.9%
2021

In 2021, 43.9% of Australians identified as Christian, down from 52.1% in 2016 and 61.1% in 2011, the first census in which fewer than half the population reported a Christian affiliation, according to the Australian Bureau of Statistics.

52.1%
2016

In 2016, 52.1% of Australians identified as Christian, still a majority at that census, according to the Australian Bureau of Statistics.

StatisticValueYearSource
Christian (all denominations)43.9%2021Australian Bureau of Statistics
Christian (all denominations)52.1%2016Australian Bureau of Statistics
Christian (all denominations)61.1%2011Australian Bureau of Statistics
The Christian share of the Australian population fell from 61.1% in 2011 to 52.1% in 2016 and 43.9% in 2021, dropping below half for the first time.

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The rise of "no religion"

The mirror image of the Christian decline is the rapid growth of people reporting no religion. This group has nearly doubled as a share of the population in ten years and is now close to overtaking the Christian total, according to the Australian Bureau of Statistics.

38.9%
2021

In 2021, 38.9% of Australians reported having no religion, up from 30.1% in 2016 and 22.3% in 2011, according to the Australian Bureau of Statistics.

22.3%
2011

In 2011, 22.3% of Australians reported no religion, showing how sharply the group has grown in a decade, according to the Australian Bureau of Statistics.

StatisticValueYearSource
No religion38.9%2021Australian Bureau of Statistics
No religion30.1%2016Australian Bureau of Statistics
No religion22.3%2011Australian Bureau of Statistics
The share reporting no religion rose from 22.3% in 2011 to 30.1% in 2016 and 38.9% in 2021, narrowing the gap with the Christian total to about five percentage points.

Denominations and other faiths

Within the Christian total, Catholicism is the largest single denomination, well ahead of Anglicanism. Beyond Christianity, Islam and Hinduism are the largest non-Christian religions, reflecting Australia's growing religious diversity, according to the Australian Bureau of Statistics.

20.0%
2021

In 2021, 20.0% of Australians identified as Catholic, making it the largest single Christian denomination in the country, according to the Australian Bureau of Statistics.

9.8%
2021

In 2021, 9.8% of Australians identified as Anglican, the second-largest Christian denomination, according to the Australian Bureau of Statistics.

StatisticValueYearSource
Catholic20.0%2021Australian Bureau of Statistics
Anglican9.8%2021Australian Bureau of Statistics
Islam3.2%2021Australian Bureau of Statistics
Hinduism2.7%2021Australian Bureau of Statistics
Catholicism (20.0%) and Anglicanism (9.8%) are the two largest Christian denominations, while Islam (3.2%) and Hinduism (2.7%) are the largest non-Christian religions in Australia.

How we compiled these statistics

Every number on this page is traceable to a primary source and dated to the year the data were collected. The affiliation figures come from the 2021 Census of Population and Housing reported by the Australian Bureau of Statistics, which asks a voluntary, self-declared religion question and compares results with the 2016 and 2011 censuses. For context on lived church practice and attendance we point to the National Church Life Survey, and for international comparison to the Pew Research Center. Where earlier census years are cited, we use the figures published by the ABS and label each with its year.

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Frequently asked questions

Sources

  1. Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2021 Census shows changes in religious diversity
  2. National Church Life Survey
  3. Pew Research Center, Religion

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